Adversarial Robustness 360 Toolbox (ART) v1.1

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Adversarial Robustness 360 Toolbox (ART) is a Python library supporting developers and researchers in defending Machine
Learning models (Deep Neural Networks, Gradient Boosted Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines, Random Forests,
Logistic Regression, Gaussian Processes, Decision Trees, Scikit-learn Pipelines, etc.) against adversarial threats
(including evasion, extraction and poisoning) and helps making AI systems more secure and trustworthy. Machine Learning
models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are inputs (images, texts, tabular data, etc.) deliberately crafted
to produce a desired response by the Machine Learning model. ART provides the tools to build and deploy defences and
test them with adversarial attacks.

Defending Machine Learning models involves certifying and verifying model robustness and model hardening with
approaches such as pre-processing inputs, augmenting training data with adversarial examples, and leveraging runtime
detection methods to flag any inputs that might have been modified by an adversary. ART includes attacks for testing
defenses with state-of-the-art threat models.

Documentation of ART: https://adversarial-robustness-toolbox.readthedocs.io

Get started with examples and tutorials

The library is under continuous development. Feedback, bug reports and contributions are very welcome.
Get in touch with us on Slack (invite here)!

Supported Machine Learning Libraries and Applications

• TensorFlow (v1 and v2) (www.tensorflow.org)
• Keras (www.keras.io)
• PyTorch (www.pytorch.org)
• MXNet (https://mxnet.apache.org)
• Scikit-learn (www.scikit-learn.org)
• XGBoost (www.xgboost.ai)
• LightGBM (https://lightgbm.readthedocs.io)
• CatBoost (www.catboost.ai)
• GPy (https://sheffieldml.github.io/GPy/)

Implemented Attacks, Defences, Detections, Metrics, Certifications and Verifications

Evasion Attacks:

• HopSkipJump attack (Chen et al., 2019)
• High Confidence Low Uncertainty adversarial samples (Grosse et al., 2018)
• Projected gradient descent (Madry et al., 2017)
• NewtonFool (Jang et al., 2017)
• Elastic net attack (Chen et al., 2017)
• Spatial transformation attack (Engstrom et al., 2017)
• Query-efficient black-box attack (Ilyas et al., 2017)
• Zeroth-order optimization attack (Chen et al., 2017)
• Decision-based attack / Boundary attack (Brendel et al., 2018)
• Adversarial patch (Brown et al., 2017)
• Decision tree attack (Papernot et al., 2016)
• Carlini & Wagner (C&W) L_2 and L_inf attacks (Carlini and Wagner, 2016)
• Basic iterative method (Kurakin et al., 2016)
• Jacobian saliency map (Papernot et al., 2016)
• Universal perturbation (Moosavi-Dezfooli et al., 2016)
• DeepFool (Moosavi-Dezfooli et al., 2015)
• Virtual adversarial method (Miyato et al., 2015)
• Fast gradient method (Goodfellow et al., 2014)

Extraction Attacks:

• Functionally Equivalent Extraction (Jagielski et al., 2019)
• Copycat CNN (Correia-Silva et al., 2018)

Poisoning Attacks:

• Poisoning Attack on SVM (Biggio et al., 2013)

Defences:

• Thermometer encoding (Buckman et al., 2018)
• Total variance minimization (Guo et al., 2018)
• PixelDefend (Song et al., 2017)
• Gaussian data augmentation (Zantedeschi et al., 2017)
• Feature squeezing (Xu et al., 2017)
• Spatial smoothing (Xu et al., 2017)
• JPEG compression (Dziugaite et al., 2016)
• Label smoothing (Warde-Farley and Goodfellow, 2016)
• Virtual adversarial training (Miyato et al., 2015)
• Adversarial training (Szegedy et al., 2013)

Extraction Defences:

• Reverse Sigmoid (Lee et al., 2018)
• Random Noise (Chandrasekaranet al., 2018)
• Class Labels (Tramer et al., 2016, Chandrasekaranet al., 2018)
• High Confidence (Tramer et al., 2016)
• Rounding (Tramer et al., 2016)

Robustness Metrics, Certifications and Verifications:

• Clique Method Robustness Verification (Hongge et al., 2019)
• Randomized Smoothing (Cohen et al., 2019)
• CLEVER (Weng et al., 2018)
• Loss sensitivity (Arpit et al., 2017)
• Empirical robustness (Moosavi-Dezfooli et al., 2015)

Detection of Adversarial Examples:

• Basic detector based on inputs
• Detector trained on the activations of a specific layer
• Detector based on Fast Generalized Subset Scan (Speakman et al., 2018)

Detection of Poisoning Attacks:

• Detection based on activations analysis (Chen et al., 2018)
• Detection based on data provenance (Baracaldo et al., 2018)

Setup

Installation with pip

The toolbox is designed and tested to run with Python 3.
ART can be installed from the PyPi repository using pip:

pip install adversarial-robustness-toolbox

Manual installation

The most recent version of ART can be downloaded or cloned from this repository:

git clone https://github.com/IBM/adversarial-robustness-toolbox

Install ART with the following command from the project folder art:

pip install .

ART provides unit tests that can be run with the following command:

bash run_tests.sh

Get Started with ART

Examples of using ART can be found in examples and examples/README.md provides an overview and
additional information. It contains a minimal example for each machine learning framework. All examples can be run with
the following command:

python examples/<example_name>.py

More detailed examples and tutorials are located in notebooks and notebooks/README.md provides
and overview and more information.

Contributing

Adding new features, improving documentation, fixing bugs, or writing tutorials are all examples of helpful
contributions. Furthermore, if you are publishing a new attack or defense, we strongly encourage you to add it to the
Adversarial Robustness 360 Toolbox so that others may evaluate it fairly in their own work.

Bug fixes can be initiated through GitHub pull requests. When making code contributions to the Adversarial Robustness
360 Toolbox, we ask that you follow the PEP 8 coding standard and that you provide unit tests for the new features.

This project uses DCO. Be sure to sign off your commits using the -s flag or
adding Signed-off-By: Name<Email> in the commit message.

Example

git commit -s -m 'Add new feature'

Citing ART

If you use ART for research, please consider citing the following reference paper:

@article{art2018,
    title = {Adversarial Robustness Toolbox v1.1.1},
    author = {Nicolae, Maria-Irina and Sinn, Mathieu and Tran, Minh~Ngoc and Buesser, Beat and Rawat, Ambrish and Wistuba, Martin and Zantedeschi, Valentina and Baracaldo, Nathalie and Chen, Bryant and Ludwig, Heiko and Molloy, Ian and Edwards, Ben},
    journal = {CoRR},
    volume = {1807.01069},
    year = {2018},
    url = {https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.01069}
}