Werkzeug
werkzeug German noun: "tool". Etymology: werk ("work"), zeug ("stuff")
Werkzeug is a comprehensive WSGI_ web application library. It began as
a simple collection of various utilities for WSGI applications and has
become one of the most advanced WSGI utility libraries.
It includes:
- An interactive debugger that allows inspecting stack traces and
source code in the browser with an interactive interpreter for any
frame in the stack. - A full-featured request object with objects to interact with
headers, query args, form data, files, and cookies. - A response object that can wrap other WSGI applications and handle
streaming data. - A routing system for matching URLs to endpoints and generating URLs
for endpoints, with an extensible system for capturing variables
from URLs. - HTTP utilities to handle entity tags, cache control, dates, user
agents, cookies, files, and more. - A threaded WSGI server for use while developing applications
locally. - A test client for simulating HTTP requests during testing without
requiring running a server.
Werkzeug is Unicode aware and doesn't enforce any dependencies. It is up
to the developer to choose a template engine, database adapter, and even
how to handle requests. It can be used to build all sorts of end user
applications such as blogs, wikis, or bulletin boards.
Flask_ wraps Werkzeug, using it to handle the details of WSGI while
providing more structure and patterns for defining powerful
applications.
Installing
Install and update using pip_:
.. code-block:: text
pip install -U Werkzeug
A Simple Example
.. code-block:: python
from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
@Request.application
def application(request):
return Response('Hello, World!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
run_simple('localhost', 4000, application)
Links
- Website: https://palletsprojects.com/p/werkzeug/
- Documentation: https://werkzeug.palletsprojects.com/
- Releases: https://pypi.org/project/Werkzeug/
- Code: https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug
- Issue tracker: https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/issues
- Test status: https://dev.azure.com/pallets/werkzeug/_build
- Official chat: https://discord.gg/t6rrQZH
.. _WSGI: https://wsgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
.. _Flask: https://www.palletsprojects.com/p/flask/
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/