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(PyKerberos Package
This Python package is a high-level wrapper for Kerberos (GSSAPI)
operations. The goal is to avoid having to build a module that wraps
the entire Kerberos.framework, and instead offer a limited set of
functions that do what is needed for client/server Kerberos
authentication based on http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4559.txt.
Much of the C-code here is adapted from Apache's mod_auth_kerb-5.0rc7.
Build
In this directory, run:
python setup.py build
Testing
To run the tests in the tests folder, you must have a valid Kerberos setup on
the test machine. You can use the script .travis.sh as quick and easy way to
setup a Kerberos KDC and Apache web endpoint that can be used for the tests.
Otherwise you can also run the following to run a self contained Docker
container
docker run \
-v $(pwd):/app \
-w /app \
-e PYENV=2.7.13 \
-e KERBEROS_USERNAME=administrator \
-e KERBEROS_PASSWORD=Password01 \
-e KERBEROS_REALM=example.com \
-e KERBEROS_PORT=80 \
ubuntu:16.04 \
/bin/bash .travis.sh
The docker command needs to be run in the same directory as this library and
you can test it with different Python versions by changing the value of the
PYENV environment value set in the command.
Please have a look at testing_notes.md for more information.
IMPORTANT
The checkPassword method provided by this library is meant only for testing purposes as it does
not offer any protection against possible KDC spoofing. That method should not be used in any
production code.
Channel Bindings
You can use this library to authenticate with Channel Binding support. Channel
Bindings are tags that identify the particular data channel being used with the
authentication. You can use Channel bindings to offer more proof of a valid
identity. Some services like Microsoft's Extended Protection can enforce
Channel Binding support on authorisation and you can use this library to meet
those requirements.
More details on Channel Bindings as set through the GSSAPI can be found here
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-3814/overview-52/index.html. Using
TLS as a example this is how you would add Channel Binding support to your
authentication mechanism. The following code snippet is based on RFC5929
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5929 using the 'tls-server-endpoint-point'
type.
import hashlib
def get_channel_bindings_application_data(socket):
# This is a highly simplified example, there are other use cases
# where you might need to use different hash types or get a socket
# object somehow.
server_certificate = socket.getpeercert(True)
certificate_hash = hashlib.sha256(server_certificate).hexdigest().upper()
certificate_digest = base64.b16decode(certificate_hash)
application_data = b'tls-server-end-point:%s' % certificate_digest
return application_data
def main():
# Code to setup a socket with the server
# A lot of code to setup the handshake and start the auth process
socket = getsocketsomehow()
# Connect to the host and start the auth process
# Build the channel bindings object
application_data = get_channel_bindings_application_data(socket)
channel_bindings = kerberos.channelBindings(application_data=application_data)
# More work to get responses from the server
result, context = kerberos.authGSSClientInit(kerb_spn, gssflags=gssflags, principal=principal)
# Pass through the channel_bindings object as created in the kerberos.channelBindings method
result = kerberos.authGSSClientStep(context, neg_resp_value, channel_bindings=channel_bindings)
# Repeat as necessary
Python APIs
See kerberos.py.
Copyright and License
Copyright (c) 2006-2021 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
This software is licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. The
Apache License is a well-established open source license, enabling
collaborative open source software development.
See the "LICENSE" file for the full text of the license terms.