0

lua-resty-mysql

Nonblocking Lua MySQL driver library for ngx_lua or OpenResty

Github repo
Main metrics
  • Owner: openresty/lua-resty-mysql
  • Platform:
  • License::
  • Category::
  • Topic:
  • Like:
    0
      Compare:

Github stars Tracking Chart

Name

lua-resty-mysql - Lua MySQL client driver for ngx_lua based on the cosocket API

Table of Contents

Status

This library is considered production ready.

Description

This Lua library is a MySQL client driver for the ngx_lua nginx module:

https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module

This Lua library takes advantage of ngx_lua's cosocket API, which ensures
100% nonblocking behavior.

Note that at least ngx_lua 0.9.11 or ngx_openresty 1.7.4.1 is required.

Also, the bit library is also required. If you're using LuaJIT 2 with ngx_lua, then the bit library is already available by default.

Synopsis


    # you do not need the following line if you are using
    # the ngx_openresty bundle:
    lua_package_path "/path/to/lua-resty-mysql/lib/?.lua;;";

    server {
        location /test {
            content_by_lua '
                local mysql = require "resty.mysql"
                local db, err = mysql:new()
                if not db then
                    ngx.say("failed to instantiate mysql: ", err)
                    return
                end

                db:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec

                -- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
                -- by a mysql server:
                --     local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                --           db:connect{
                --              path = "/path/to/mysql.sock",
                --              database = "ngx_test",
                --              user = "ngx_test",
                --              password = "ngx_test" }

                local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:connect{
                    host = "127.0.0.1",
                    port = 3306,
                    database = "ngx_test",
                    user = "ngx_test",
                    password = "ngx_test",
                    charset = "utf8",
                    max_packet_size = 1024 * 1024,
                }

                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err, ": ", errcode, " ", sqlstate)
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("connected to mysql.")

                local res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("drop table if exists cats")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("create table cats "
                             .. "(id serial primary key, "
                             .. "name varchar(5))")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("table cats created.")

                res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("insert into cats (name) "
                             .. "values (\'Bob\'),(\'\'),(null)")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                ngx.say(res.affected_rows, " rows inserted into table cats ",
                        "(last insert id: ", res.insert_id, ")")

                -- run a select query, expected about 10 rows in
                -- the result set:
                res, err, errcode, sqlstate =
                    db:query("select * from cats order by id asc", 10)
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("bad result: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
                    return
                end

                local cjson = require "cjson"
                ngx.say("result: ", cjson.encode(res))

                -- put it into the connection pool of size 100,
                -- with 10 seconds max idle timeout
                local ok, err = db:set_keepalive(10000, 100)
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to set keepalive: ", err)
                    return
                end

                -- or just close the connection right away:
                -- local ok, err = db:close()
                -- if not ok then
                --     ngx.say("failed to close: ", err)
                --     return
                -- end
            ';
        }
    }

Back to TOC

Methods

Back to TOC

new

syntax: db, err = mysql:new()

Creates a MySQL connection object. In case of failures, returns nil and a string describing the error.

Back to TOC

connect

syntax: ok, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:connect(options)

Attempts to connect to the remote MySQL server.

The options argument is a Lua table holding the following keys:

  • host

    the host name for the MySQL server.

  • port

    the port that the MySQL server is listening on. Default to 3306.

  • path

    the path of the unix socket file listened by the MySQL server.

  • database

    the MySQL database name.

  • user

    MySQL account name for login.

  • password

    MySQL account password for login (in clear text).

  • charset

    the character set used on the MySQL connection, which can be different from the default charset setting.
    The following values are accepted: big5, dec8, cp850, hp8, koi8r, latin1, latin2,
    swe7, ascii, ujis, sjis, hebrew, tis620, euckr, koi8u, gb2312, greek,
    cp1250, gbk, latin5, armscii8, utf8, ucs2, cp866, keybcs2, macce,
    macroman, cp852, latin7, utf8mb4, cp1251, utf16, utf16le, cp1256,
    cp1257, utf32, binary, geostd8, cp932, eucjpms, gb18030.

  • max_packet_size

    the upper limit for the reply packets sent from the MySQL server (default to 1MB).

  • ssl

    If set to true, then uses SSL to connect to MySQL (default to false). If the MySQL
    server does not have SSL support
    (or just disabled), the error string "ssl disabled on server" will be returned.

  • ssl_verify

    If set to true, then verifies the validity of the server SSL certificate (default to false).
    Note that you need to configure the lua_ssl_trusted_certificate
    to specify the CA (or server) certificate used by your MySQL server. You may also
    need to configure lua_ssl_verify_depth
    accordingly.

  • pool

    the name for the MySQL connection pool. if omitted, an ambiguous pool name will be generated automatically with the string template user:database:host:port or user:database:path. (this option was first introduced in v0.08.)

  • compact_arrays

    when this option is set to true, then the query and read_result methods will return the array-of-arrays structure for the resultset, rather than the default array-of-hashes structure.

Before actually resolving the host name and connecting to the remote backend, this method will always look up the connection pool for matched idle connections created by previous calls of this method.

Back to TOC

set_timeout

syntax: db:set_timeout(time)

Sets the timeout (in ms) protection for subsequent operations, including the connect method.

Back to TOC

set_keepalive

syntax: ok, err = db:set_keepalive(max_idle_timeout, pool_size)

Puts the current MySQL connection immediately into the ngx_lua cosocket connection pool.

You can specify the max idle timeout (in ms) when the connection is in the pool and the maximal size of the pool every nginx worker process.

In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.

Only call this method in the place you would have called the close method instead. Calling this method will immediately turn the current resty.mysql object into the closed state. Any subsequent operations other than connect() on the current objet will return the closed error.

Back to TOC

get_reused_times

syntax: times, err = db:get_reused_times()

This method returns the (successfully) reused times for the current connection. In case of error, it returns nil and a string describing the error.

If the current connection does not come from the built-in connection pool, then this method always returns 0, that is, the connection has never been reused (yet). If the connection comes from the connection pool, then the return value is always non-zero. So this method can also be used to determine if the current connection comes from the pool.

Back to TOC

close

syntax: ok, err = db:close()

Closes the current mysql connection and returns the status.

In case of success, returns 1. In case of errors, returns nil with a string describing the error.

Back to TOC

send_query

syntax: bytes, err = db:send_query(query)

Sends the query to the remote MySQL server without waiting for its replies.

Returns the bytes successfully sent out in success and otherwise returns nil and a string describing the error.

You should use the read_result method to read the MySQL replies afterwards.

Back to TOC

read_result

syntax: res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:read_result()

syntax: res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:read_result(nrows)

Reads in one result returned from the MySQL server.

It returns a Lua table (res) describing the MySQL OK packet or result set packet for the query result.

For queries corresponding to a result set, it returns an array holding all the rows. Each row holds key-value pairs for each data fields. For instance,

    {
        { name = "Bob", age = 32, phone = ngx.null },
        { name = "Marry", age = 18, phone = "10666372"}
    }

For queries that do not correspond to a result set, it returns a Lua table like this:

    {
        insert_id = 0,
        server_status = 2,
        warning_count = 1,
        affected_rows = 32,
        message = nil
    }

If more results are following the current result, a second err return value will be given the string again. One should always check this (second) return value and if it is again, then she should call this method again to retrieve more results. This usually happens when the original query contains multiple statements (separated by semicolon in the same query string) or calling a MySQL procedure. See also Multi-Resultset Support.

In case of errors, this method returns at most 4 values: nil, err, errcode, and sqlstate. The err return value contains a string describing the error, the errcode return value holds the MySQL error code (a numerical value), and finally, the sqlstate return value contains the standard SQL error code that consists of 5 characters. Note that, the errcode and sqlstate might be nil if MySQL does not return them.

The optional argument nrows can be used to specify an approximate number of rows for the result set. This value can be used
to pre-allocate space in the resulting Lua table for the result set. By default, it takes the value 4.

Back to TOC

query

syntax: res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query(query)

syntax: res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query(query, nrows)

This is a shortcut for combining the send_query call and the first read_result call.

You should always check if the err return value is again in case of success because this method will only call read_result only once for you. See also Multi-Resultset Support.

Back to TOC

server_ver

syntax: str = db:server_ver()

Returns the MySQL server version string, like "5.1.64".

You should only call this method after successfully connecting to a MySQL server, otherwise nil will be returned.

Back to TOC

set_compact_arrays

syntax: db:set_compact_arrays(boolean)

Sets whether to use the "compact-arrays" structure for the resultsets returned by subsequent queries. See the compact_arrays option for the connect method for more details.

This method was first introduced in the v0.09 release.

Back to TOC

SQL Literal Quoting

It is always important to quote SQL literals properly to prevent SQL injection attacks. You can use the
ngx.quote_sql_str function provided by ngx_lua to quote values.
Here is an example:

    local name = ngx.unescape_uri(ngx.var.arg_name)
    local quoted_name = ngx.quote_sql_str(name)
    local sql = "select * from users where name = " .. quoted_name

Back to TOC

Multi-Resultset Support

For a SQL query that produces multiple result-sets, it is always your duty to check the "again" error message returned by the query or read_result method calls, and keep pulling more result sets by calling the read_result method until no "again" error message returned (or some other errors happen).

Below is a trivial example for this:

    local cjson = require "cjson"
    local mysql = require "resty.mysql"

    local db = mysql:new()
    local ok, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:connect({
        host = "127.0.0.1",
        port = 3306,
        database = "world",
        user = "monty",
        password = "pass"})

    if not ok then
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to connect: ", err, ": ", errcode, " ", sqlstate)
        return ngx.exit(500)
    end

    res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query("select 1; select 2; select 3;")
    if not res then
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "bad result #1: ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
        return ngx.exit(500)
    end

    ngx.say("result #1: ", cjson.encode(res))

    local i = 2
    while err == "again" do
        res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:read_result()
        if not res then
            ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "bad result #", i, ": ", err, ": ", errcode, ": ", sqlstate, ".")
            return ngx.exit(500)
        end

        ngx.say("result #", i, ": ", cjson.encode(res))
        i = i + 1
    end

    local ok, err = db:set_keepalive(10000, 50)
    if not ok then
        ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "failed to set keepalive: ", err)
        ngx.exit(500)
    end

This code snippet will produce the following response body data:

result #1: [{"1":"1"}]
result #2: [{"2":"2"}]
result #3: [{"3":"3"}]

Back to TOC

Debugging

It is usually convenient to use the lua-cjson library to encode the return values of the MySQL query methods to JSON. For example,

    local cjson = require "cjson"
    ...
    local res, err, errcode, sqlstate = db:query("select * from cats")
    if res then
        print("res: ", cjson.encode(res))
    end

Back to TOC

Automatic Error Logging

By default the underlying ngx_lua module
does error logging when socket errors happen. If you are already doing proper error
handling in your own Lua code, then you are recommended to disable this automatic error logging by turning off ngx_lua's lua_socket_log_errors directive, that is,

    lua_socket_log_errors off;

Back to TOC

Limitations

  • This library cannot be used in code contexts like init_by_lua*, set_by_lua*, log_by_lua*, and
    header_filter_by_lua* where the ngx_lua cosocket API is not available.
  • The resty.mysql object instance cannot be stored in a Lua variable at the Lua module level,
    because it will then be shared by all the concurrent requests handled by the same nginx
    worker process (see
    https://github.com/openresty/lua-nginx-module#data-sharing-within-an-nginx-worker ) and
    result in bad race conditions when concurrent requests are trying to use the same resty.mysql instance.
    You should always initiate resty.mysql objects in function local
    variables or in the ngx.ctx table. These places all have their own data copies for
    each request.

Back to TOC

Installation

If you are using the ngx_openresty bundle (http://openresty.org ), then
you do not need to do anything because it already includes and enables
lua-resty-mysql by default. And you can just use it in your Lua code,
as in

    local mysql = require "resty.mysql"
    ...

If you are using your own nginx + ngx_lua build, then you need to configure
the lua_package_path directive to add the path of your lua-resty-mysql source
tree to ngx_lua's LUA_PATH search path, as in

    # nginx.conf
    http {
        lua_package_path "/path/to/lua-resty-mysql/lib/?.lua;;";
        ...
    }

Ensure that the system account running your Nginx ''worker'' proceses have
enough permission to read the .lua file.

Back to TOC

Community

Back to TOC

English Mailing List

The openresty-en mailing list is for English speakers.

Back to TOC

Chinese Mailing List

The openresty mailing list is for Chinese speakers.

Back to TOC

Bugs and Patches

Please submit bug reports, wishlists, or patches by

  1. creating a ticket on the GitHub Issue Tracker,
  2. or posting to the OpenResty community.

Back to TOC

TODO

  • improve the MySQL connection pool support.
  • implement the MySQL binary row data packets.
  • implement MySQL's old pre-4.0 authentication method.
  • implement MySQL server prepare and execute packets.
  • implement the data compression support in the protocol.

Back to TOC

Author

Yichun "agentzh" Zhang (章亦春) agentzh@gmail.com, OpenResty Inc.

Back to TOC

Copyright and License

This module is licensed under the BSD license.

Copyright (C) 2012-2018, by Yichun "agentzh" Zhang (章亦春) agentzh@gmail.com, OpenResty Inc.

All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

  • Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

  • Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

Back to TOC

See Also

Back to TOC

Overview

Name With Owneropenresty/lua-resty-mysql
Primary LanguageLua
Program languageMakefile (Language Count: 4)
Platform
License:
Release Count33
Last Release Namev0.27 (Posted on )
First Release Namev0.01 (Posted on )
Created At2012-02-12 08:06:28
Pushed At2024-01-04 03:19:38
Last Commit At2023-11-23 21:23:41
Stargazers Count693
Watchers Count73
Fork Count234
Commits Count198
Has Issues Enabled
Issues Count85
Issue Open Count43
Pull Requests Count33
Pull Requests Open Count9
Pull Requests Close Count20
Has Wiki Enabled
Is Archived
Is Fork
Is Locked
Is Mirror
Is Private
To the top